Shortly after
the World Summit for Social Development (WSSD) was held in Copenhagen,
1995, the United Nations General Assembly decided to hold a Special Session
in the year 2000 to review implementation of the Summit agreements.
The first meeting
of the Preparatory Committee for the Special Session was held in New York
in May this year. ICSW was invited by the UN to address it. We took the
opportunity to suggest priority issues for consideration at the Special
Session, and ways in which preparation for the Session could be pursued.
Priority
Issues: An Enabling Environment
The most distinctive
and important contribution of the WSSD was its emphasis on the need to
create an enabling environment, especially at the international level.
The Special Session could focus especially on the following issues and
responses in this area.
Economic cooperation: The composition
and role of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) could be strengthened,
especially in relation to international economic issues affecting social
development. Closer interaction could be required between the ECOSOC system
and the IMF, World Bank and the WTO, and between the ECOSOC system and
key regional inter-governmental groupings outside the UN system.
Financial markets: Cooperative taxes
and regulatory requirements could be introduced to reduce excessive volume
and volatility in short-term international transactions.
Trade: Priority in future global
trade negotiations could be given to areas where greater freedom of trade
would be of special importance to developing countries. A UN Code of Conduct
for International Business, based on the draft UN Code of Conduct for Transnational
Corporations, could be developed.
Taxation and user charges: International
standards for national taxation could be adopted in order to promote fair
international competition and efficient revenue collection. Cooperative
taxes or user charges on selected international resources could be introduced.
Human rights: Greater efforts could
be made to achieve universal ratification of the core international human
rights treaties, especially the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights. The processes and resources available to human rights treaty bodies
for monitoring compliance with the treaties could be strengthened.
Other Priority
Issues
Income: A campaign could
be commenced to ensure adoption of national strategies and timetables for
reduction and eradication of income poverty. International standards could
be adopted for basic income support systems to provide protection during
periods of hardship or vulnerability.
Education: Specific international
targets in relation to basic education and literacy could be included in
a short list of WSSD priority targets which are to be achieved by a specified
date.
Health: Specific international targets
in relation to basic health and primary health care could be included in
a short list of WSSD priority targets to be achieved by a specified date.
Employment and livelihood: Appropriate
indicators could be developed and adopted for measuring progress in different
types of economies towards achieving the goal of full employment. Greater
efforts could be made to achieve universal ratification and monitoring
of ILO core labour standards.
Social inclusion: International
standards could be developed and adopted for recognition of non-governmental
organisations by national governments.
Resources for collection and analysis
of social data on gender-sensitive and income-sensitive bases could be
increased.
The specific targets relating to income
poverty, basic education and health could comprise a list of up to ten
targets to which top priority would be given at national and international
levels up to the year 2005.
Preparation
for the Special Session
Preparatory Meetings: Expert
meetings could be convened on priority issues such as international financial
markets, taxation and full employment. Ministerial meetings on WSSD implementation
could be held in each ECOSOC region, and NGO forums could be held at national,
sub-regional and regional levels. Regional meetings could be held with
senior media representatives to consider the relevance of the media to
WSSD implementation.
Preparatory Reports: Reports could
be obtained from national governments and UN country coordinators on WSSD
implementation in individual countries. Reports could also be requested
from the IMF, World Bank, WTO UNDP, ILO and other intergovernmental organisations,
especially about implementation of sections of the WSSD agreements in which
they are specifically mentioned. The UN secretariat could provide a summary
of key proposals for WSSD implementation which have been made since the
Summit by high-level commissions, conferences or experts.
Comité des Sages: A small
Comité des Sages, or eminent persons group, could be established
to prepare a brief report recommending key proposals for action which it
believes should be considered at the Special Session.
Draft Statement: It could be agreed
that the principal outcome of the Special Session will be a brief statement,
consisting mainly of specific decisions about action involving the UN system
and some specific recommendations for very high priority action by others.
This statement could be accompanied by an extensive summary by the UN secretariat
of information and proposals which are to be referred by the Special Session
for further consideration by relevant organisations and processes. An independent
drafting expert could be appointed to prepare a draft statement which will
help to initiate and focus discussion at the first substantive session
of the Preparatory Committee (to be held in May 1999) about the statement
to be considered at the Special Session.
NGO Participation: NGOs could be
provided with prompt access to working draft documents and to proposed
amendments during meetings of the Preparatory Committee and the Special
Session. NGO access to Bureau meetings and leaders of inter-governmental
groups during meetings could be improved. Prompt circulation to governments
of specific NGO proposals to amend working drafts could be facilitated.
Opportunities could be provided for selected NGO representatives to be
panellists in plenary sessions and to participate in detailed drafting
sessions.
As indicated
in previous issues of Social Development Review, ICSW will be very active
in preparation for the Special Session in 2000. For example, we will organise
a further series of NGO forums at global, regional and sub-regional levels.
These will help our members and other NGOs to discuss priorities for action
and to plan ways of advocating them effectively. We welcome suggestions
and information about other activities to prepare for the Session.
JULIAN DISNEY
President
International Council on Social Welfare
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